NRGA (National Rural Employment Guarantee Act.
• It was launched in 2006 under NREGA – 2005.
• At present time 619 districts are covered under this scheme.
• 18th Phase – 200 Districts – 2006 – 2007
• 2nd Phase – 300 District – 2007 – 2008
• It is the single largest employment programme in the human history ever.
• It provides legal guarantee of 100 days of unskilled image emplo
yment to one adult member of any rural household at the satuatory minimum wage of Rs-120 per day willing to do public work.
• Implementation through Panchayti Raj Bodies.
• Local work (without 5 km radius)
• Disbursement of wages on weekly basis through Post Office or Bank.
• 33% reservation for women.
• From 2nd October 2009 this scheme has been renamed as Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (MNREGS)
Swarnjayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojna (SGSY)
Swarnjayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojna (SGSY) was launched in April 1999 after restructuring of the integrated Rural Development Programme (IRDP) and allied programmes. It is self employment programme for the rural poor. The objective of the SGSY is to bring the assisted swarozgaris above the poverty line by providing them income generating assets through bank credit and Government subsidy.
The Ministry of Rural Development has decided to redesign and restructure on going Swarnjayanti Gram Swarojgar Yojana (SGSY) into National Rural Livelihhood Mission (NRLM). The idea has been conceived as a cornerstone of national poverty reduction strategy.
Swarna Jayanti Shahari Rozgar Yojana (SJSRY)
Government has recently revamped the SJSRY with effect from April 1, 2009. The scheme provides gainful employment to the Urban employed and underemployed poor, by encouraging the setting up of self-employment ventures by the urban poor and also by providing wage employment and utilizing their labour for construction of socially and economically useful public assets.
Pradhan Mantri Gramodaya Yojana (PMGY)
PMGY was launched in 2000-2001 in all States Union Territories (UTs).
It was launched in order to achieve the objective of sustainable human development at the village level.
PMGY initially has five components viz., primary health, primary education, rural shelter, rural drinking water and nutrition. Rural electrification was added as an additional component from 2001-02.
Both financial and physical mentoring of the programme is being carried out by the Planning Cmmission.
Antyodaya Anna Yojana
AAY was launched in December 2000.
Under the scheme 1 crore of the poorest among the BPL families covered under the targeted public distribution system are identified.
Twenty five kilograms (kg) of food grain were made available to each eligible family at a high subsidized rate of Rs. 2 per kg for wheat and Rs.3 per kg for rice. This quantity has been anhanced from 25 to 35 kgs with effect from April, 2002.
The scheme has been further expanded in June 2003 by adding another 50 lakh BPL families.
Annapurna Scheme
The Annapurna scheme has been launched with effect form 1st April, 2000.
It aims at providing food security to meet the requirement of those Senior Citizen who though eligible have remained uncovered under the National Old Age Pension Scheme (NOAPS).
Under the Annapurna Scheme, 10 kg of food grains per month are to be provided ‘free of cost’ to the beneficiary.
The age of the applicant (male of female) should be 65 years or above.
Two new Schemes have been introduced in the Interim Budget 2009-10.
Indra Gandhi National Widow Pension Scheme
‘Indra Gandhi National Widow Pension Scheme’ to provide pension for severely disabled persons. Widow in the age group of 18-40 years to be given priority in admission to ITIs, women ITIs and National/Regional ITIs for women. Government to bear cost of their training and provide stipend of Rs.500 per month.
Recent measures for social protection
Aam Admi Bima Yojana (AABY): Under this scheme launched on October 2, 2007, insurance will be provided against natural as well as accident death and partial/permanent disability to the head of the family of rural landless households in the country.
The Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidyalaya (KGBV): The KGBV scheme was launched in July 2004 for setting up residential school at upper primary level for girls belonging predominantly to the SC, ST, OBC and minority communities. There are 2573 KGBVs reports to have been sanctioned in the State and 1.96 lakhs girls belonging to the SC, ST, OBC and minority first communities enrolled in them.
Bharti Nirman
Physical infrastructure development programme of government in rural areas. Launched in 2005. It has following 6 components (can be remembered) as – ‘WRITE H’)-
W-Water for Drinking Purposes to provide drinking water supply to all habitations.
R-Roads to connect all villagers having population of 1000 (or 500 in hilly/tribal areas) with all weather roads. Implemented through Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana, originally started in 2000.
I-Irrigation to bring additional one crore hectares of land under assured irrigation.
T-Telephone Connectivity to provide telephone connectivity to all vollages.
E-Electricity to provide electricity to all villages and offer electricity connection to 2-3 crore households. Implemented through Rajiv Gandhi Gramin Vidyutikaran Yojana started in 2005.
H-Housing to constructed 60 lac additional houses for poor under Indira Awas Yojana.
Thus, Bharti Nirman is viewed as an effort to unlock rural India’s vast growth potential and be a key for ushering in a new era. It is excepted that Bharat Nirman will lead to considerable rural assets creation along with NREGA.
Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA)
Launched in 2001. Aims at universalization od elementary education satisfactory equality through out the country. The Abhiyaan seeks to open new schools in those habitations which do not have schooling facilities and also to strengthen existing school infrastructure through provision of addition class rooms, toilet, drinking water, maintenance/improvement grants, additional teacher, teacher training etc, Speical focus is given to girls education and children with special needs. SSA also seeks to provide computer education to bridge digital divide.
Objective – (a) all 6-14 years age children in school. (b) to bridge all gender and social category gap at elementary education level by 2010.
(c) universal retention by 2010. 50 : 50 sharing of funds between centre and states.
Integrated Child Development Scheme (ICDS)
Ekatmik Bal Vikas Yojana was initiated by Govt. of India in 1975. The ICDS seeks to lay a solid foundation for the development of nation’s human resource of providing an integrated package of early childhood services. Implemented through Angan-wadis. There is one Angan Wadi Worker (AWW) for 1000 population.
National Rural Health Mission (NRHM)
Launched in 2005 to carry out necessary architecture correction in basic healthcare delivery system. Key features of NRHM-
1. Synergistic approach by relating health to determinants of good health, viz., nutrition, sanitation, hygiene, safe drinking water, etc.
2. Special focus on 18 states with weak health indicators, 10% committed outlay for North Eastern States.
3. Decentralized management
4. Provision of female Accredited Social Health Activist (ASHA) in each village – link between people and health system.
5. Revitalise local health traditions and mainstream AYUSH (Ayurveda, Yoga, Unani, Siadha, Homeopathy).
6. Greater role for Panchayati Raj Institution – in preparing village and district health plans, selecting ASHA, in Rogi Kalyan Samitis for good hospital management.
7. Janani Suraksha Yojana – 100% centrally sponsored maternity benefit scheme under NRHM integrating cash assistance with antenatal delivery, and post delivery care.
Thus NRHM is an umbrella programe which seeks to improve access for rural people to equitable, affordable, accountable and effective primary healthcare.
• Implementation through Panchayti Raj Bodies.
• Local work (without 5 km radius)
• Disbursement of wages on weekly basis through Post Office or Bank.
• 33% reservation for women.
• From 2nd October 2009 this scheme has been renamed as Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (MNREGS)
Swarnjayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojna (SGSY)
Swarnjayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojna (SGSY) was launched in April 1999 after restructuring of the integrated Rural Development Programme (IRDP) and allied programmes. It is self employment programme for the rural poor. The objective of the SGSY is to bring the assisted swarozgaris above the poverty line by providing them income generating assets through bank credit and Government subsidy.
The Ministry of Rural Development has decided to redesign and restructure on going Swarnjayanti Gram Swarojgar Yojana (SGSY) into National Rural Livelihhood Mission (NRLM). The idea has been conceived as a cornerstone of national poverty reduction strategy.
Swarna Jayanti Shahari Rozgar Yojana (SJSRY)
Government has recently revamped the SJSRY with effect from April 1, 2009. The scheme provides gainful employment to the Urban employed and underemployed poor, by encouraging the setting up of self-employment ventures by the urban poor and also by providing wage employment and utilizing their labour for construction of socially and economically useful public assets.
Pradhan Mantri Gramodaya Yojana (PMGY)
PMGY was launched in 2000-2001 in all States Union Territories (UTs).
It was launched in order to achieve the objective of sustainable human development at the village level.
PMGY initially has five components viz., primary health, primary education, rural shelter, rural drinking water and nutrition. Rural electrification was added as an additional component from 2001-02.
Both financial and physical mentoring of the programme is being carried out by the Planning Cmmission.
Antyodaya Anna Yojana
AAY was launched in December 2000.
Under the scheme 1 crore of the poorest among the BPL families covered under the targeted public distribution system are identified.
Twenty five kilograms (kg) of food grain were made available to each eligible family at a high subsidized rate of Rs. 2 per kg for wheat and Rs.3 per kg for rice. This quantity has been anhanced from 25 to 35 kgs with effect from April, 2002.
The scheme has been further expanded in June 2003 by adding another 50 lakh BPL families.
Annapurna Scheme
The Annapurna scheme has been launched with effect form 1st April, 2000.
It aims at providing food security to meet the requirement of those Senior Citizen who though eligible have remained uncovered under the National Old Age Pension Scheme (NOAPS).
Under the Annapurna Scheme, 10 kg of food grains per month are to be provided ‘free of cost’ to the beneficiary.
The age of the applicant (male of female) should be 65 years or above.
Two new Schemes have been introduced in the Interim Budget 2009-10.
Indra Gandhi National Widow Pension Scheme
‘Indra Gandhi National Widow Pension Scheme’ to provide pension for severely disabled persons. Widow in the age group of 18-40 years to be given priority in admission to ITIs, women ITIs and National/Regional ITIs for women. Government to bear cost of their training and provide stipend of Rs.500 per month.
Recent measures for social protection
Aam Admi Bima Yojana (AABY): Under this scheme launched on October 2, 2007, insurance will be provided against natural as well as accident death and partial/permanent disability to the head of the family of rural landless households in the country.
The Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidyalaya (KGBV): The KGBV scheme was launched in July 2004 for setting up residential school at upper primary level for girls belonging predominantly to the SC, ST, OBC and minority communities. There are 2573 KGBVs reports to have been sanctioned in the State and 1.96 lakhs girls belonging to the SC, ST, OBC and minority first communities enrolled in them.
Bharti Nirman
Physical infrastructure development programme of government in rural areas. Launched in 2005. It has following 6 components (can be remembered) as – ‘WRITE H’)-
W-Water for Drinking Purposes to provide drinking water supply to all habitations.
R-Roads to connect all villagers having population of 1000 (or 500 in hilly/tribal areas) with all weather roads. Implemented through Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana, originally started in 2000.
I-Irrigation to bring additional one crore hectares of land under assured irrigation.
T-Telephone Connectivity to provide telephone connectivity to all vollages.
E-Electricity to provide electricity to all villages and offer electricity connection to 2-3 crore households. Implemented through Rajiv Gandhi Gramin Vidyutikaran Yojana started in 2005.
H-Housing to constructed 60 lac additional houses for poor under Indira Awas Yojana.
Thus, Bharti Nirman is viewed as an effort to unlock rural India’s vast growth potential and be a key for ushering in a new era. It is excepted that Bharat Nirman will lead to considerable rural assets creation along with NREGA.
Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA)
Launched in 2001. Aims at universalization od elementary education satisfactory equality through out the country. The Abhiyaan seeks to open new schools in those habitations which do not have schooling facilities and also to strengthen existing school infrastructure through provision of addition class rooms, toilet, drinking water, maintenance/improvement grants, additional teacher, teacher training etc, Speical focus is given to girls education and children with special needs. SSA also seeks to provide computer education to bridge digital divide.
Objective – (a) all 6-14 years age children in school. (b) to bridge all gender and social category gap at elementary education level by 2010.
(c) universal retention by 2010. 50 : 50 sharing of funds between centre and states.
Integrated Child Development Scheme (ICDS)
Ekatmik Bal Vikas Yojana was initiated by Govt. of India in 1975. The ICDS seeks to lay a solid foundation for the development of nation’s human resource of providing an integrated package of early childhood services. Implemented through Angan-wadis. There is one Angan Wadi Worker (AWW) for 1000 population.
National Rural Health Mission (NRHM)
Launched in 2005 to carry out necessary architecture correction in basic healthcare delivery system. Key features of NRHM-
1. Synergistic approach by relating health to determinants of good health, viz., nutrition, sanitation, hygiene, safe drinking water, etc.
2. Special focus on 18 states with weak health indicators, 10% committed outlay for North Eastern States.
3. Decentralized management
4. Provision of female Accredited Social Health Activist (ASHA) in each village – link between people and health system.
5. Revitalise local health traditions and mainstream AYUSH (Ayurveda, Yoga, Unani, Siadha, Homeopathy).
6. Greater role for Panchayati Raj Institution – in preparing village and district health plans, selecting ASHA, in Rogi Kalyan Samitis for good hospital management.
7. Janani Suraksha Yojana – 100% centrally sponsored maternity benefit scheme under NRHM integrating cash assistance with antenatal delivery, and post delivery care.
Thus NRHM is an umbrella programe which seeks to improve access for rural people to equitable, affordable, accountable and effective primary healthcare.
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